Estudo da Variação Anatômica da Inserção do Proximal do Músculo Peitoral Menor / Study of the anatomical Variation of Proximal Insertion of Pectoralis Muscle
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Abstract
Introdução: O músculo peitoral menor é um músculo delgado, que se origina do terceiro, quarto e quinto arcos costais e se insere proximalmente na superficie supero-medial do processo coracóide. Sua variação anatômica pode estar correlacionada com diversas patologias do ombro e estar implicada até mesmo na falha dos tratamentos de capsulite adesiva. Le Double em seu clássico trabalho descreveu três tipos de variações anatômicas e relatou uma incidência em torno de 15% desta variação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a inserção proximal do peitoral menor e relatar suas variações anatômicas. Métodos: Foram dissecados 12 cadáveres (24 ombros), onde foi realizada uma via deltopeitoral ampliada, isolada a inserção do tendão do peitoral menor e estudado sua inserção proximal. Foram excluídos os cadáveres com cicatrizes na região do ombro ou limitação importante do arco de movimento passivo. Resultados: Entre os 12 cadáveres dissecados, 8 eram homens e 4 mulheres, com idade média de 53,9 anos. Dos 24 ombros dissecados, 21 (87,5%) apresentaram a inserção do músculo totalmente na porção superior e medial do terço distal do processo coracóide. Em 3 ombros (12,5%), observou-se as variações anatômicas descritas por Le Double: um caso bilateral, com variação do tipo I e um caso unilateral direito, com variação do tipo II. Conclusão: Conhecer a anatomia do peitoral menor e suas possíveis variações anatômicas é importante para o manejo e entendimento das patologias do ombro.
Introduction: The pectoralis minor is a thin muscle that originates from the third, fourth and fifth ribs and inserts proximally on the upper surface of the coracoid process and medial. Its action pull ventral and caudal the scapula, lowering his side angle in adduction of the arm. It also participates in the elevation of the third, fourth and fifth ribs during inspiration. His anatomical variation may be correlated with various pathologies of the shoulder and even be implicated in the failure of treatment of adhesive capsulitis. Le Double in his classic paper described three types of anatomical variations and reported an incidence of around 15% of this variation. Our goal was to analyze the proximal attachment of the pectoralis minor and report their anatomical variations. Methods: We dissected 12 cadavers (24 shoulders), 8 men and 4 women, mean age of 53.9 years. Was performed an extended deltopectoral approach, isolated insertion of the pectoralis minor tendon and studied the proximal attachment of the muscle. We excluded the bodies with scars on the shoulder or important limitation of passive range of motion. Results: Of the 24 shoulders dissected in 21 (87.5%) the insertion of the muscle occurred entirely in the upper medial and distal third of the coracoid process. In three shoulders (12.5%), we observed the anatomical variations described by Le Double. A bilateral case, with change of type I and one case with unilateral right variation of type II. Conclusion: Knowledge of the anatomy of the pectoralis minor and the possible anatomical variations is important for the understanding and management of pathologies of the shoulder, especially in techniques involving the coracoid process, or even the understanding of pathologies that can possibly have as the genesis of this anatomic variation of muscle.
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