Acidente Vascular Encefálico como Primeira Manifestação Clínica da Arterite de Takayasu – Relato de Caso / Brain Stroke as First Clinical Manifestation of Takayasu Arteritis – Case Report
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Abstract
Introdução: A Arterite de Takayasu (AT) é uma vasculite crônica de médios e grandes vasos cuja etiologia é desconhecida. A incidência anual de AT, segundo estatísticas americanas, é de cerca de 2,6 casos por milhão de pessoas, acometendo principalmente mulheres jovens na idade reprodutiva. Essa doença possui sintomas característicos, como claudicação de membros, dor torácica, ausência de pulsos braquiais, sopro carotídeo e ausência de pressão arterial nos membros superiores. Síndromes neurológicas, como Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) e Ataque Isquêmico Transitório (AIT) são apresentadas por aproximadamente 10 a 20% dos pacientes com AT. Relato de Caso: Relatou-se o caso de paciente do sexo feminino, de 42 anos, branca, que apesar de apresentar os sintomas de AT com 15 anos, como dor em região torácica e hipertensão arterial, foi diagnosticada com AT somente após 25 anos. A paciente foi admitida no Pronto Socorro do Hospital Escola de Itajubá com sintomas que sugeriam um AVC, confirmado com Tomografia computadorizada (TC) de crânio e, posteriormente, AngioTC cerebral e de artérias carótidas e vertebrais que, juntamente com os sinais clínicos observados, como pulsos radiais não palpáveis bilateralmente e sopro carotídeo diagnosticaram a AT. Discussão: A AT costuma apresentar intervalo entre início de sintomas e diagnóstico entre dois e onze anos e pode estar associada a várias manifestações características. O diagnóstico de AT tardio tendo o AVC como primeira manifestação clínica é raro. Conclusão: A importância de se conhecer a AT está no fato do diagnóstico, bem como tratamento precoce poderem evitar complicações ou retardar o seu aparecimento.
Palavras-chave: Arterite de Takayasu, Acidente Vascular Cerebral, Diagnóstico.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic vasculitis of medium and large vessel, whose etiology is unknown. The annual incidence of TA, according to American statistics, is about 2.6 cases per one million people, mainly affects young women in reproductive age. This disease shows typical symptoms such as limb lameness, chest pain, and absence of brachial pulses, carotid bruit and no blood pressure in the upper limbs. Neurological syndromes, such as cerebral vascular accident (CVA) and transient ischemic attack (TIA) are presented in approximately 10-20% of patients with TA. Case Report: It is reported a case of a female patient, 42 years old, white who, despite having the symptoms of TA, as pain in the thoracic region and hypertension when she was 15 years old, was diagnosed with the disease only after 25 years of age. The patient was admitted to the Emergency Room of Itajubá Teaching Hospital with symptoms suggesting a stroke, which was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) and later brain and carotid and vertebral arteries CT angiography which, together with the observed clinical signs , as the intangible radial pulses bilaterally and carotid bruit, made it possible to diagnose TA. Discussion: The AT usually presents interval between the beginning of the symptoms and diagnosis between two and eleven years and it may be associated with multiple specifics manifestations. The late diagnosis of AT that has AVC, as a first clinical manifestation is rare. Conclusion: The importance of knowing the AT is in the fact that the diagnosis and early treatment can prevent complications or at least delay its appearance.
Keywords: Takayasu’s Arteritis, Cerebrovascular Accidents, Diagnosis.
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