Patterns of consumption of energy drinks and caffeine-based food supplements by gym goers
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective: Evaluate the level of knowledge, habits, and prevalence of consumption of energy drinks and supplements based on caffeine by practitioners of physical exercises in gyms. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire of 27 topics was used on Google® Forms, published on social media between September and October 2018. Results: 200 gym goers participated, 71% young adults, 52% having more than two years of practice, and attendance regular 5 - 6 times a week. Most were women (58.5%), bodybuilders (61.6%), and from Minas Gerais State (62.5%). Consumption without professional guidance was 81.6% for energy drinks and 53.9% for caffeine-based supplements. Most energy consumers (73.3%) had goals related to social activities, preferring the RedBul® brand (40.4%). Among consumers of caffeine supplements, there was a preference for thermogenic (32.7%) and pure caffeine (29.9%), with the primary objective of improving performance (28.7%), presenting ergolytic responses of tachycardia and palpitations as recorded in energy drinks. There was no record of adverse effects in 19.2% of caffeine consumers and 40.8% of energy drinkers. The consumption dosages of the products were within the safety range (< 6 mg/kg). Conclusion: The consumption of both products was made without professional guidance, however, with dosages within the safety range. The consumption of energy drinks aimed at social activities and improved sports performance. Ergolytic effects have been reported.
Article Details
Authors maintain copyright and grant the HSJ the right to first publication. From 2024, the publications wiil be licensed under Attribution 4.0 International , allowing their sharing, recognizing the authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are authorized to assume additional contracts separately for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (e.g., publishing in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point after the editorial process.
Also, the AUTHOR is informed and consents that the HSJ can incorporate his article into existing or future scientific databases and indexers, under the conditions defined by the latter at all times, which will involve, at least, the possibility that the holders of these databases can perform the following actions on the article.
References
Silva A, Marins JCB. Consumo e nível de conhecimento sobre recursos ergogênicos nutricionais em atletas. Biosci J [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2020 Nov 1];29(4):1038-48. Avaiable from: http://www.seer.ufu.br/index.php/biosciencejournal/article/view/13763
Thomas DT, Erdman KA, Burke LM. American College of Sports Medicine Joint Position Statement. Nutrition and Athletic Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(3):543-68. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000852. Erratum in: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017 Jan;49(1):222. PMID: 26891166.
Gurley BJ, Kingston R, Thomas SL. Caffeine-Containing energy drinks/shots: safety, efficacy and controversy. In: Bagchi D, editor. Sustained energy for enhanced human functions and activity. 1st ed. Academic Press; 2017. p. 423-45.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-805413-0.00026-0
Reis HHT, Reis VET, Júnior MAC, Lima LM, Marins JCB. Efeitos agudos da ingestão de bebidas energéticas sobre os paramêtros hidro-eletrolíticos durante exercício em esteira. J Phys Educ. 2019;30(1):e-3033. https://doi.org/10.4025/jphyseduc.v30i1.3033
Yager Z, O'Dea JA. Relationships between body image, nutritional supplement use, and attitudes towards doping in sport among adolescent boys: implications for prevention programs. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2014;11(1):13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-11-13 PMid:24670105 PMCid:PMC3986904
Salinero JJ, Lara B, Del Coso J. Effects of acute ingestion of caffeine on team sports performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Sport Med. 2019;27(2):238-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2018.1552146 PMid:30518253
Sadek P, Pan X, Shepherd P, Malandain E, Carney J, Coleman H. A randomized, two-way crossover study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of caffeine delivered using caffeinated chewing gum versus a marketed caffeinated beverage in healthy adult volunteers. J Caffeine Res. 2017;7(4):125-32. https://doi.org/10.1089/jcr.2017.0025 PMid:29230348 PMCid:PMC5724581
Naderi A, de Oliveira EP, Ziegenfuss TN, Willems MET. Timing, optimal dose and intake duration of dietary supplements with evidence-based use in sports nutrition. J Exerc Nutr Biochem. 2016;20(4):1-12. https://doi.org/10.20463/jenb.2016.0031 PMid:28150472 PMCid:PMC5545206
Wilk M, Krzysztofik M, Maszczyk A, Chycki J, Zajac A. The acute effects of caffeine intake on time under tension and power generated during the bench press movement. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2019;16(1):8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-019-0275-x PMid:30777094 PMCid:PMC6379960
Bello ML, Walker AJ, McFadden BA, Sanders DJ, Arent SM. The effects of TeaCrine® and caffeine on endurance and cognitive performance during a simulated match in high-level soccer players. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2019;16(1):20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-019-0287-6 PMid:30999897 PMCid:PMC6472067
Goldstein ER, Ziegenfuss T, Kalman DS, Kreider RB, Campbell B, Wilborn C, et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: caffeine and performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2010;7(1):5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-7-5 PMid:20205813 PMCid:PMC2824625
Kim J, Park J, Lim K. Nutrition supplements to stimulate lipolysis: a review in relation to endurance exercise capacity. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 2016;62(3):141-61. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.62.141 PMid:27465721
Temple JL. Review: trends, safety, and recommendations for caffeine use in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2019;58(1):36-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.06.030 PMid:30577937
Higgins JP, Babu K, Deuster PA, Shearer J. Energy drinks: a contemporary issues paper. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2018;17(2):65-72. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000454 PMid:29420350
Irons JG, Heinz AJ, Bassett DT, Correia CJ, Babson KA, Boden MT, et al. Development and initial validation of the caffeine motives questionnaire. J Caffeine Res. 2014;4(2):49-55. https://doi.org/10.1089/jcr.2014.0002
Nordt SP, Claudius I, Rangan C, Armijo E, Milano P, Yanger S, et al. Reasons for energy drink use and reported adverse effects among adolescent emergency department patients. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2017;33(12):770-3. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000000644 PMid:27248776
Souza DB, Del Coso J, Casonatto J, Polito MD. Acute effects of caffeine-containing energy drinks on physical performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr. 2017;56(1):13-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1331-9 PMid:27757591
Duchan E, Patel ND, Feucht C. Energy drinks: a review of use and safety for athletes. Phys Sportsmed. 2010;38(2):171-9. https://doi.org/10.3810/psm.2010.06.1796 PMid:20631477
Chen X, Liu Y, Jaenicke EC, Rabinowitz AN. New concerns on caffeine consumption and the impact of potential regulations: the case of energy drinks. Food Policy. 2019;87(1):101746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2019.101746
Nowak D, Jasionowski A. Analysis of the consumption of caffeinated energy drinks among Polish adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(7):7910-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120707910 PMid:26184263 PMCid:PMC4515699
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Resolução RDC n° 18, de 27 de abril de 2010. Aprova regulamento técnico sobre alimentos para atletas [Internet]. Brasília, DF; 2010 [cited 2020 Nov 1]. Avaiable from: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/anvisa/2010/res0018_27_04_2010.html
Brasil. Casa Civil. Lei no. 9.696, de 1 de setembro de 1998. Dispõe sobre a regulamentação da profissão de Educação Física e cria os respectivos Conselho Federal e Conselhos Regionais de Educação Física [Internet]. Brasília, DF; 1998 [cited 2020 Nov 1]. Avaiable from: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9696.htm
Zhang Y, Coca A, Casa DJ, Antonio J, Green JM, Bishop PA. Caffeine and diuresis during rest and exercise: A meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport. 2015;18(5):569-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.07.017 PMid:25154702 PMCid:PMC4725310
Harris PR, Keen DA, Constantopoulos E, Weninger SN, Hines E, Koppinger MP, et al. Fluid type influences acute hydration and muscle performance recovery in human subjects. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2019;16(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-019-0282-y PMid:30947727 PMCid:PMC6449982
Beaumont R, Cordery P, Funnell M, Mears S, James L, Watson P. Chronic ingestion of a low dose of caffeine induces tolerance to the performance benefits of caffeine. J Sports Sci. 2016;35(19):1920-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1241421 PMid:27762662