Epidemiological profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated at a teaching-assistance unit in Northeast Brazil
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective: To determine the epidemiological profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a teaching unit. Method: In this observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study, data from the medical records of consultations conducted between February 2020 and May 2022 at an endocrinology outpatient clinic in a teaching unit in Northeast Brazil were evaluated. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed, with percentage values, medians, and interquartile ranges (IQRs) reported. Result: Data were collected from the medical records of 118 patients, and the medical records of 95 patients were used for statistical analysis after the exclusion of records with insufficient data. Seventy patients (73.6%) were female, with a median age of 57 years (IQR 51.5-65), a median body mass index (BMI) of 28.9 kg/m2 (IQR 25.7-33.1) and a median age at diagnosis of 47.5 years (IQR 38-55). The median glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose levels during follow-up were 7.6% (IQR 6.6-9.7) and 132.8 mg/dL (IQR 113.5-201.7), respectively, and only 36.8% (n=35) of patients were within their HbA1C therapeutic target range. Approximately 73.6% (n=70) of the patients used statins, but only 18 (18.9%) had LDL-c within their therapeutic target range. Twenty-seven patients (28.4%) had kidney dysfunction, either albuminuria or a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) reduction, and 6 of them (22.2%) did not use any nephroprotective medication. Fewer than half of the patients underwent fundoscopy, and 32.5% of them showed some degree of retinopathy. Neuropathy was present in 33 patients (34.7%), with 3 patients (3.16%) presenting with amputations.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors maintain copyright and grant the HSJ the right to first publication. From 2024, the publications wiil be licensed under Attribution 4.0 International 
, allowing their sharing, recognizing the authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are authorized to assume additional contracts separately for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (e.g., publishing in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point after the editorial process.
Also, the AUTHOR is informed and consents that the HSJ can incorporate his article into existing or future scientific databases and indexers, under the conditions defined by the latter at all times, which will involve, at least, the possibility that the holders of these databases can perform the following actions on the article.
References
ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, et al. 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of care in Diabetes-2023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(Suppl 1):S19-40. http://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-S002.PMid:36507649. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-S002
IDF: International Diabetes Federation. IDF diabetes atlas 2021 [Internet]. Brussels: IDF; 2021 [cited 2023 Nov 21]. Available from: https://diabetesatlas.org/atlas/tenth-edition/
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Vigitel Brasil 2023: vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas por inquérito telefônico [Internet]. Brasília; 2023 [cited 2023 Nov 21]. Available from: https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/centrais-de-conteudo/publicacoes/svsa/vigitel/vigitel-brasil-2023-vigilancia-de-fatores-de-risco-e-protecao-para-doencas-cronicas-por-inquerito-telefonico/view
Pimentel ÍRS, Coelho BC, Lima JC, Ribeiro FG, Sampaio FPC, Pinheiro RP, et al. Caracterização da demanda em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família. Rev Bras Med Fam Comunidade. 2011;6(20):175-81. http://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc6(20)95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc6(20)95
Palladino R, Tabak AG, Khunti K, Valabhji J, Majeed A, Millett C, et al. Association between pre-diabetes and microvascular and macrovascular disease in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2020;8(1):e001061. http://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001061.PMid:32332069. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001061
Willis JR, Doan QV, Gleeson M, Haskova Z, Ramulu P, Morse L, et al. Vision-related functional burden of diabetic retinopathy across severity levels in the United States. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017;135(9):926-32. http://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.2553.PMid:28750122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.2553
Neves PDMM, Sesso RCC, Thomé FS, Lugon JR, Nascimento MM. Brazilian Dialysis Census: analysis of data from the 2009-2018 decade. J Bras Nefrol. 2020;42(2):191-200. http://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2019-0234.PMid:32459279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2019-0234
SBD: Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes. Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes 2019-2020 [Internet]. São Paulo; 2019 [cited 2023 Nov 21]. Available from: https://www.saude.ba.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Diretrizes-Sociedade-Brasileira-de-Diabetes-2019-2020.pdf
ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, et al. 6. Glycemic targets: standards of care in diabetes-2023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(Suppl 1):S97-110. http://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-S006.PMid:36507646. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-S006
Almeida-Pititto B, Dias ML, Moura FF, Lamounier R, Vencio S, Calliari LE. Metas no tratamento do diabetes. In: SBD: Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes, editor. Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes 2023. São Paulo: SBD; 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29327/557753.2022-3
ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, et al. 9. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: standards of care in diabetes-2023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(Suppl 1):S140-57. http://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-S009.PMid:36507650. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-S009
Chalmers J, Cooper ME. UKPDS and the legacy effect. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(15):1618-20. http://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe0807625.PMid:18843126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe0807625
Silva RL Fo, Albuquerque L, Cavalcanti S, Tambascia M. Tratamento farmacológico da hiperglicemia no DM2. In: SBD: Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes, editor. Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes 2023. São Paulo: SBD; 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29327/557753.2022-10
Tonaco LAB, Vieira MAS, Gomes CS, Rocha FL, Oliveira-Figueiredo DST, Malta DC, et al. Social vulnerability associated with the self-reported diagnosis of type II diabetes: a multilevel analysis. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2021;24(Suppl 1):e210010. http://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720210010.supl.1.PMid:33886883. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720210010.supl.1
Cheung N, Mitchell P, Wong TY. Diabetic retinopathy. Lancet. 2010;376(9735):124-36. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62124-3.PMid:20580421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62124-3
Muzy J, Campos MR, Emmerick I, Silva RSD, Schramm JMA. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its complications and characterization of healthcare gaps based on triangulation of studies. Cad Saude Publica. 2021;37(5):e00076120. http://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00076120.PMid:34076095. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00076120
Almeida AAL, Bonfante HLM, Moreira RO, Arbex AK, Souza GS, Maciel LG, et al. Perfil epidemiológico do diabetes mellitus auto-referido em uma zona urbana de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 1999;43(3):199-204. http://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-27301999000300006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-27301999000300006
ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, et al. 11. Chronic kidney disease and risk management: standards of care in diabetes-2023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(Suppl 1):S191-202. http://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-S011.PMid:36507634. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-S011
Lopes JA, Ferreira MC, Otoni A, Baldoni AO, Domingueti CP. Is screening for chronic kidney disease in patients with diabetes mellitus being properly conducted in primary care? J Bras Nefrol. 2022;44(4):498-504. http://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2021-0210.PMid:35202454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2021-0210
Lira JRS, Castro AA, Pitta GBB, Figueiredo LFP, Lage VMM, Miranda F Jr. Prevalência de polineuropatia sensitivo-motora nos pés no momento do diagnóstico do diabetes melito. J Vasc Bras. 2005;4(1):22-6.
Hsu JC, Yang YY, Chuang SL, Lee JK, Lin LY. Prediabetes increases the risk of major limb and cardiovascular events. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):348. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-023-02085-y.PMid:38115080. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-023-02085-y
Inglin L, Lavikainen P, Jalkanen K, Laatikainen T. LDL-cholesterol trajectories and statin treatment in Finnish type 2 diabetes patients: a growth mixture model. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):22603. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02077-6.PMid:34799657. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02077-6
Breuker C, Clement F, Mura T, Macioce V, Castet-Nicolas A, Audurier Y, et al. Non-achievement of LDL-cholesterol targets in patients with diabetes at very-high cardiovascular risk receiving statin treatment: incidence and risk factors. Int J Cardiol. 2018;268:195-9. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.04.068.PMid:30041785. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.04.068
Gupta A, Thompson D, Whitehouse A, Collier T, Dahlof B, Poulter N, et al. Adverse events associated with unblinded, but not with blinded, statin therapy in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid-Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial and its non-randomised non-blind extension phase. Lancet. 2017;389(10088):2473-81. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31075-9.PMid:28476288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31075-9
Khan S, Holbrook A, Shah BR. Does Googling lead to statin intolerance? Int J Cardiol. 2018;262:25-7. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.02.085.PMid:29706390. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.02.085