Impactos do exercício aeróbico em crianças com diagnóstico de asma: revisão integrativa
Barra lateral de artigos
Publicado:
Mar 27, 2022
Palavras-chave:
adolescente, asma, criança, exercício, qualidade de vida
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Resumo
Objetivo: Identificar quais os impactos do exercício aeróbico na saúde da criança com asma, buscando conhecer protocolos de programas de reabilitação e seus impactos. Métodos: Foram selecionados ensaios clínicos publicados de 2010 a 2020, filtrado pelos descritores: ‘asthma’, ‘exercise’ ou ‘physical training’, ‘children’ ou ‘adolescents’ e ‘quality of life’. Resultados: Foram incluídos 19 artigos; a duração dos programas variou de 4 a 24 semanas, sendo de 2 a 6 vezes por semana, com as sessões variando de 30 min a 1h10min e intensidade de 40% a 100% da Frequência Cardíaca Máxima. Os estudos avaliaram força, capacidade e função pulmonar, mediadores inflamatórios, qualidade de vida e controle da asma. As intervenções aeróbicas possibilitaram a melhora da capacidade cardiorrespiratória, da ação intracelular de antioxidantes, da qualidade de vida e controle da doença. Resultados significativos foram encontrados em protocolos com exercícios lúdicos realizados por 60 min, três vezes por semana e por pelo menos 12 semanas. Conclusão: A facilidade na reprodução dos protocolos pode proporcionar maior cobertura de atendimento e reabilitação, que a longo prazo podem auxiliar na redução do índice de internação, custo e demanda hospitalar por agudizações graves.
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1.
Espinosa dos Santos B, Macedo LC dos SA de, Adomaitis APG, Castro AMM de, Teixeira de Almeida J, Moraes dos Santos ML, Foerster Merey LS. Impactos do exercício aeróbico em crianças com diagnóstico de asma: revisão integrativa. HSJ [Internet]. 27º de março de 2022 [citado 3º de julho de 2024];12(1):14-3. Disponível em: https://portalrcs.hcitajuba.org.br/index.php/rcsfmit_zero/article/view/1174
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Referências
Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia. Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia para o manejo da asma. J Bras Pneumol, 2012;38(supl. 1): s1-46.
Forum of International Respiratory Societies. The Global Impact of Respiratory Disease – Second Edition. Sheffield, European Respiratory Society, 2017 [ cited 2022 Feb 24]. Avaiable from: https://www.who.int/gard/publications/The_Global_Impact_of_Respiratory_Disease_ES.pdf
Solé D, Camelo-Nunes IC, Wandalsen GF, Mallozi MC. A asma na criança e no adolescente brasileiro: contribuição do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Rev Paul Pediatr. 2014;32(1):114-25. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-05822014000100018
Abdelbasset WK, Alsubaie SF, Tantawy SA, Abo Elyazed TI, Kamel DM. Evaluating pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, and pediatric quality of life following a 10-week aerobic exercise training in school-aged asthmatics: a randomized controlled trial. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2018;12:1015-23. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S159622
Reimberg MM, Castro RAS, Selman JPR, Meneses AS, Politti F, Mallozi MC, et al. Patients with asthma have reduced functional capacity and sedentary behavior. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020;96(1):53-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.11.004
Wicher IB, Ribeiro MAGO, Marmo DB, Santos CIS, Toro AADC, Mendes RT, et al. Effects of swimming on spirometric parameters and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children and adolescents with moderate persistent atopic asthma. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2010;86(5):384-90. https://doi.org/10.2223/JPED.2022
Onur E, Kabaroğlu C, Günay Ö, Var A, Yilmaz Ö, Dündar P, et al. The beneficial effects of physical exercise on antioxidant status in asthmatic children. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr), 2011;39(2):90-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aller.2010.04.006
Gunay O, Onur E, Yilmaz O, Dundar PE, Tikiz C, Var A, at al. Effects of physical exercise on lung injury and oxidant stress in children with asthma. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr), 2012;40(1):20-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aller.2010.10.006
Andrade LB, Britto MCA, Lucena-Silva N, Gomes RG, Figueroa JN. The efficacy of aerobic training in improving the inflammatory component of asthmatic children. Randomized trial. Respir Med. 2014;108(10):1438-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2014.07.009
Latorre-Román PA, Navarro-Martínez AV, García-Pinillos F. The effectiveness of an indoor intermittent training program for improving lung function, physical capacity, body composition and quality of life in children with asthma. J Asthma. 2014;51(5):544-51. https://doi.org/10.3109/02770903.2014.888573
Gomes ELFD, Carvalho CRF, Peixoto-Souza FS, Teixeira-Carvalho EF, Mendonça JFB, Stirbulov R, et al. Active video game exercise training improves the clinical control of asthma in children: randomized controlled trial. Plos One. 2015;10(8):0135433. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135433
Latorre-Román PA, Martínez AVN, García-Pinillos F. Efeito de um programa de atividade física no gozo do esporte, participação na atividade física, autoconceito físico e qualidade de vida em crianças asmáticas. Motriz. 2015;21(4):386-92. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-65742015000400007
Westergren T, Fegran L, Nilsen T, Haraldstad K, Kittang OB, Berntsen S. Active play exercise intervention in children with asthma: a pilot study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(1):e009721. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009721
Lin H, Lin H, Yu H, Wang L, Lee J, Lin Y, et al. Tai-Chi-Chuan exercise improves pulmonary function and decreases exhaled nitric oxide level in both asthmatic and nonasthmatic children and improves quality of life in children with asthma. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:6287642. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6287642
Willeboordse M, Kant KDG, Tan FES, Mulkens S, Schellings J, Crijns Y, et al. A multifactorial weight reduction programme for children with overweight and asthma: a randomized controlled trial. Plos One, 2016;11(6):e0157158. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157158
Kováčiková Z, Neumannova K, Rydlova J, Bizovská L, Janura M. The effect of balance training intervention on postural stability in children with asthma. J Asthma, 2017;55(5):502-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2017.1342257
Doğruel D, Altintaş DU, Yilmaz M. Astımlı çocuklarda fiziksel egzersizin klinik ve fonksiyonel parametrelere etkisi [Turkish]. Cukurova Med J. 2018;43(2):457-62. https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.366166
Lu KD, Cooper DM, Haddad F, Radam-Aizik S. Four months of a school-based exercise program improved aerobic fitness and clinical outcomes in a low-ses population of normal weight and overweight/obese children with asthma. Front Pediatr. 2018;6:380. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2018.00380
Khodashenas E, Bakhtiari E, Sohrabi M, Mozayani A, Arabi M, Haghighi VV, et al. The effect of a selective exercise program on motor competence and pulmonary function of asthmatic children: a randomized clinical trial. International Int J Pediatr. 2019;7(7):9711-17. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2019.37253.3243
Liao P, Lin H, Chiang B, Lee J, Yu H, Lin Y, et al. Tai Chi Chuan Exercise improves lung function and asthma control through immune regulation in childhood asthma. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019;2019:9146827. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9146827
Mcnarry MA, Lewis MJ, Wade N, Davies GA, Winn C, Eddolls WTB,et al. Effect of asthma and six-months high-intensity interval training on heart rate variability during exercise in adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;37(19):2228-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1626115
Zhang Y, Yang L. Exercise training as an adjunctive therapy to montelukast in children with mild asthma. Medicine. 2019;98(2):e14046. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000014046
Sanz‐Santiago V, Diez‐Vega I, Santana‐Sosa E, Nuevo CL, Ramirez TI, Vendrusculo FM, et al. Effect of a combined exercise program on physical fitness, lung function, and quality of life in patients with controlled asthma and exercise symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;55(7):1608-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24798
Muehlbauer T, Gollhofer A, Granacher U. Associations between measures of balance and lower-extremity muscle strength/power in healthy individuals across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2015;45(12):1671-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0390-z
Locquet M, Beaudart C, Durieux N, Reginster JY, Bruyère O. Relationship between the changes over time of bone mass and muscle health in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019;20:429. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-019-2752-4
Janssen I, Leblanc AG. Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2010;7:40. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-7-40
Villa F, Castro APBM, Pastorino AC, Santarém JM, Martins MA, Jacob CMA, at el. Aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle function in children with asthma. Arch Dis Child. 2011;96(6):554-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2011.212431
França-Pinto A, Mendes FAR, Carvalho-Pinto RM, Agondi RC, Cukier A, Stelmach R, et al. Aerobic training decreases bronchial hyperresponsiveness and systemic inflammation in patients with moderate or severe asthma: a randomized controlled trial. Thorax. 2015;70:732 9. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206070
Zhang W, Wang Q, Liu L, Yang W, Liu H. Effects of physical therapy on lung function in children with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Res. 2021;89:1343-51. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-0874-x
Vogiatzis I, Zakynthinos G, Andrianopoulos V. Mechanisms of physical activity limitation in chronic lung diseases. Pulm Med. 2012;2012:634761. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/634761
Moraes EZC, Trevisan ME, Baldisserotto SV, Portela LOC. Capacidade aeróbica em crianças e adolescentes com asma intermitente e persistente leve no período intercrises. J Bras Pneumol. 2012;38(4):438-44. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-37132012000400005
Júnior DRSA, Souza RB, Santos SA, Andrade DR. Os radicais livres de oxigênio e as doenças pulmonares. J Bras Pneumol. 2005;31(1):60-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-37132005000100011
Sahiner UM, Birben E, Erzurum S, Sackesen C, Kalayci O. Oxidative stress in asthma. World Allergy Organ J. 2011;4(10):151-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/WOX.0b013e318232389e
Constantino GTL, Mello Jr JF. Remodelamento das vias aéreas inferiores e superiores. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol. 2009;75(1):151-6. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-72992009000100024
Pawankar R. Perspectivas atuais sobre inflamação e remodelamento das vias aéreas na asma e na rinite alérgica. Braz J Allergy Immunol. 2013 [cited 2022 Feb24];1(5):243-252. Avaiable from: https://bit.ly/36Ew7Br
La Scala CS, Naspitz CK, Solé D. Adaptation and validation of the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) in Brazilian asthmatic children and adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J), 2005;81:54-60. https://doi.org/10.2223/1283
Annett RD. Assessment of health status and quality of life outcomes for children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;107(5):S473-81. https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2001.114949
Everhart RS, Fiese BH. Asthma severity and child quality of life in pediatric asthma: A systematic review. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75(2):162-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2008.10.001
Matsunaga NY, Ribeiro MAGO, Saad IAB, Morcillo AM, Ribeiro JD, Toro AADC. Evaluation of quality of life according to asthma control and asthma severity in children and adolescents. J Bras Pneumol. 2015;41(6):502-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37562015000000186
Leal RCAC, Braile DM, Souza DRS, Batigália F. Modelo assistencial para pacientes com asma na atenção primária. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2011;57(6):697-701. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-42302011000600019
Forum of International Respiratory Societies. The Global Impact of Respiratory Disease – Second Edition. Sheffield, European Respiratory Society, 2017 [ cited 2022 Feb 24]. Avaiable from: https://www.who.int/gard/publications/The_Global_Impact_of_Respiratory_Disease_ES.pdf
Solé D, Camelo-Nunes IC, Wandalsen GF, Mallozi MC. A asma na criança e no adolescente brasileiro: contribuição do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Rev Paul Pediatr. 2014;32(1):114-25. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-05822014000100018
Abdelbasset WK, Alsubaie SF, Tantawy SA, Abo Elyazed TI, Kamel DM. Evaluating pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, and pediatric quality of life following a 10-week aerobic exercise training in school-aged asthmatics: a randomized controlled trial. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2018;12:1015-23. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S159622
Reimberg MM, Castro RAS, Selman JPR, Meneses AS, Politti F, Mallozi MC, et al. Patients with asthma have reduced functional capacity and sedentary behavior. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020;96(1):53-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.11.004
Wicher IB, Ribeiro MAGO, Marmo DB, Santos CIS, Toro AADC, Mendes RT, et al. Effects of swimming on spirometric parameters and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children and adolescents with moderate persistent atopic asthma. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2010;86(5):384-90. https://doi.org/10.2223/JPED.2022
Onur E, Kabaroğlu C, Günay Ö, Var A, Yilmaz Ö, Dündar P, et al. The beneficial effects of physical exercise on antioxidant status in asthmatic children. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr), 2011;39(2):90-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aller.2010.04.006
Gunay O, Onur E, Yilmaz O, Dundar PE, Tikiz C, Var A, at al. Effects of physical exercise on lung injury and oxidant stress in children with asthma. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr), 2012;40(1):20-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aller.2010.10.006
Andrade LB, Britto MCA, Lucena-Silva N, Gomes RG, Figueroa JN. The efficacy of aerobic training in improving the inflammatory component of asthmatic children. Randomized trial. Respir Med. 2014;108(10):1438-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2014.07.009
Latorre-Román PA, Navarro-Martínez AV, García-Pinillos F. The effectiveness of an indoor intermittent training program for improving lung function, physical capacity, body composition and quality of life in children with asthma. J Asthma. 2014;51(5):544-51. https://doi.org/10.3109/02770903.2014.888573
Gomes ELFD, Carvalho CRF, Peixoto-Souza FS, Teixeira-Carvalho EF, Mendonça JFB, Stirbulov R, et al. Active video game exercise training improves the clinical control of asthma in children: randomized controlled trial. Plos One. 2015;10(8):0135433. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135433
Latorre-Román PA, Martínez AVN, García-Pinillos F. Efeito de um programa de atividade física no gozo do esporte, participação na atividade física, autoconceito físico e qualidade de vida em crianças asmáticas. Motriz. 2015;21(4):386-92. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-65742015000400007
Westergren T, Fegran L, Nilsen T, Haraldstad K, Kittang OB, Berntsen S. Active play exercise intervention in children with asthma: a pilot study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(1):e009721. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009721
Lin H, Lin H, Yu H, Wang L, Lee J, Lin Y, et al. Tai-Chi-Chuan exercise improves pulmonary function and decreases exhaled nitric oxide level in both asthmatic and nonasthmatic children and improves quality of life in children with asthma. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:6287642. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6287642
Willeboordse M, Kant KDG, Tan FES, Mulkens S, Schellings J, Crijns Y, et al. A multifactorial weight reduction programme for children with overweight and asthma: a randomized controlled trial. Plos One, 2016;11(6):e0157158. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157158
Kováčiková Z, Neumannova K, Rydlova J, Bizovská L, Janura M. The effect of balance training intervention on postural stability in children with asthma. J Asthma, 2017;55(5):502-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2017.1342257
Doğruel D, Altintaş DU, Yilmaz M. Astımlı çocuklarda fiziksel egzersizin klinik ve fonksiyonel parametrelere etkisi [Turkish]. Cukurova Med J. 2018;43(2):457-62. https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.366166
Lu KD, Cooper DM, Haddad F, Radam-Aizik S. Four months of a school-based exercise program improved aerobic fitness and clinical outcomes in a low-ses population of normal weight and overweight/obese children with asthma. Front Pediatr. 2018;6:380. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2018.00380
Khodashenas E, Bakhtiari E, Sohrabi M, Mozayani A, Arabi M, Haghighi VV, et al. The effect of a selective exercise program on motor competence and pulmonary function of asthmatic children: a randomized clinical trial. International Int J Pediatr. 2019;7(7):9711-17. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2019.37253.3243
Liao P, Lin H, Chiang B, Lee J, Yu H, Lin Y, et al. Tai Chi Chuan Exercise improves lung function and asthma control through immune regulation in childhood asthma. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019;2019:9146827. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9146827
Mcnarry MA, Lewis MJ, Wade N, Davies GA, Winn C, Eddolls WTB,et al. Effect of asthma and six-months high-intensity interval training on heart rate variability during exercise in adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;37(19):2228-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1626115
Zhang Y, Yang L. Exercise training as an adjunctive therapy to montelukast in children with mild asthma. Medicine. 2019;98(2):e14046. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000014046
Sanz‐Santiago V, Diez‐Vega I, Santana‐Sosa E, Nuevo CL, Ramirez TI, Vendrusculo FM, et al. Effect of a combined exercise program on physical fitness, lung function, and quality of life in patients with controlled asthma and exercise symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;55(7):1608-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24798
Muehlbauer T, Gollhofer A, Granacher U. Associations between measures of balance and lower-extremity muscle strength/power in healthy individuals across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2015;45(12):1671-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0390-z
Locquet M, Beaudart C, Durieux N, Reginster JY, Bruyère O. Relationship between the changes over time of bone mass and muscle health in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019;20:429. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-019-2752-4
Janssen I, Leblanc AG. Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2010;7:40. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-7-40
Villa F, Castro APBM, Pastorino AC, Santarém JM, Martins MA, Jacob CMA, at el. Aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle function in children with asthma. Arch Dis Child. 2011;96(6):554-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2011.212431
França-Pinto A, Mendes FAR, Carvalho-Pinto RM, Agondi RC, Cukier A, Stelmach R, et al. Aerobic training decreases bronchial hyperresponsiveness and systemic inflammation in patients with moderate or severe asthma: a randomized controlled trial. Thorax. 2015;70:732 9. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206070
Zhang W, Wang Q, Liu L, Yang W, Liu H. Effects of physical therapy on lung function in children with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Res. 2021;89:1343-51. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-0874-x
Vogiatzis I, Zakynthinos G, Andrianopoulos V. Mechanisms of physical activity limitation in chronic lung diseases. Pulm Med. 2012;2012:634761. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/634761
Moraes EZC, Trevisan ME, Baldisserotto SV, Portela LOC. Capacidade aeróbica em crianças e adolescentes com asma intermitente e persistente leve no período intercrises. J Bras Pneumol. 2012;38(4):438-44. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-37132012000400005
Júnior DRSA, Souza RB, Santos SA, Andrade DR. Os radicais livres de oxigênio e as doenças pulmonares. J Bras Pneumol. 2005;31(1):60-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-37132005000100011
Sahiner UM, Birben E, Erzurum S, Sackesen C, Kalayci O. Oxidative stress in asthma. World Allergy Organ J. 2011;4(10):151-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/WOX.0b013e318232389e
Constantino GTL, Mello Jr JF. Remodelamento das vias aéreas inferiores e superiores. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol. 2009;75(1):151-6. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-72992009000100024
Pawankar R. Perspectivas atuais sobre inflamação e remodelamento das vias aéreas na asma e na rinite alérgica. Braz J Allergy Immunol. 2013 [cited 2022 Feb24];1(5):243-252. Avaiable from: https://bit.ly/36Ew7Br
La Scala CS, Naspitz CK, Solé D. Adaptation and validation of the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) in Brazilian asthmatic children and adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J), 2005;81:54-60. https://doi.org/10.2223/1283
Annett RD. Assessment of health status and quality of life outcomes for children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;107(5):S473-81. https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2001.114949
Everhart RS, Fiese BH. Asthma severity and child quality of life in pediatric asthma: A systematic review. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75(2):162-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2008.10.001
Matsunaga NY, Ribeiro MAGO, Saad IAB, Morcillo AM, Ribeiro JD, Toro AADC. Evaluation of quality of life according to asthma control and asthma severity in children and adolescents. J Bras Pneumol. 2015;41(6):502-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37562015000000186
Leal RCAC, Braile DM, Souza DRS, Batigália F. Modelo assistencial para pacientes com asma na atenção primária. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2011;57(6):697-701. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-42302011000600019