Effect of chronic stress on short and long-term spatial memory in Wistar rats
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between chronic stress and spatial memory in rats. Methods: 20 male rats, 45 days old, Wistar lineage, were used, divided into two groups: Shock Stress (n = 10), where they were placed in a box where they received an electric shock in the rear legs of 0.5 mA, for 2 s, every 30 s, for 5 min/day, for 49 consecutive days; and Control (n = 10), allocated in the same box, but without receiving a stimulus, for 5 min, for 49 days. Subsequently, behavioral procedures were initiated, which consisted of Habituation at the Arena, Open Field Test, Object Recognition Training, Short Term Memory Test (STMT), and Long Term Memory Test (LTMT). Exploratory preference duration rates were obtained. The data were presented as mean ± SEM. Results: At STMT, the Shock Stress group showed a significant increase in the exploration rate (75.75 ± 4.77% vs. 58.49 ± 4.83%; p = 0.023), demonstrating a positive effect of chronic stress on short-term memory. In the LTMT, there was no significant difference in the Shock Stress group (55.23 ± 8.33%) compared to the Control group (71.61 ± 4.76%; p = 0.146). Conclusion: chronic stress revealed positive effects on short-term memory in the Object Recognition Test when compared to the control group, but it did not have significant effects on long-term memory.
Article Details
Authors maintain copyright and grant the HSJ the right to first publication. From 2024, the publications wiil be licensed under Attribution 4.0 International 
, allowing their sharing, recognizing the authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are authorized to assume additional contracts separately for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (e.g., publishing in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point after the editorial process.
Also, the AUTHOR is informed and consents that the HSJ can incorporate his article into existing or future scientific databases and indexers, under the conditions defined by the latter at all times, which will involve, at least, the possibility that the holders of these databases can perform the following actions on the article.
References
Moreira MB, Montero EFS, Fagundes DJ, Chida VV, Ramalho CEB, Juliano Y. A Função Renal de Ratos Espontaneamente Hipertensos Submetidos ao Pneumoperitônio. Acta Cir Bras. 2002;17(3):168-76. doi: 10.1590/S0102-86502002000300004
Lin M, Hou G, Zhao Y, Yuan T. Recovery of Chronic Stress-Triggered Changes of Hipocampal Glutamatergic Transmission. Plast Neural . 2018;2018: 9360203. doi: 10.1155/2018/9360203
Brito MVH, Araújo M, Acácio GJS, Acácio, GJS, dos Reis JMC. Lesão intestinal após isquemia e reperfusão: estudo comparativo usando sal tetrazólico (MTT) e histologia. Acta Cir. Bras. 2001;16(1):26-31. doi: 10.1590/S0102-86502001000100005
Cechella JL, Leite MR, Rosario AR, Sampaio TB, Zeni G. Disphenyl diselenide-supplemented diet and swimming exercise enhance novel object recognition memory in old rats. Age (Dordr). 2014;36(4):96. doi: 10.1007%2Fs11357-014-9666-8
Lindqvist C, Jensen, P. Domestication and stress effects on
contrafreeloading and spatial learning performance in red jungle fowl
(Gallus gallus) and White Leghorn layers. Behav Processes. 2009;81(1):80-4. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2009.02.005
Pinto A. Memória, cognição e educação: implicações mútuas. Educação, cognição e desenvolvimento: textos de psicologia educacional para a formação de professores. Lisboa: Edinova; 2001. pp17-54.
Dias LBT, Landeira-Fernandez J. Neuropsicologia do desenvolvimento da memória: da pré-escola ao período escolar. Neuropsicol Latinoamericana [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2020 May 23];3(1):19-26. Avaiable from: pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2075-94792011000100003&lng=pt&nrm=iso
Diehl F. Plasticidade de receptores colinérgicos muscarínicos M4 hipocampais decorrente de uma consolidação da memória como possível marcador sináptico do engrama: ensaios farmacológico-comportamentais [Doctoral Thesis]. Porto Alegre: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; 2010 [cited 2020 May 23]. Avaiable from: www.lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/26580
Galera C, Garcia RB, Vasques R. Componentes funcionais da memória visuoespacial. Estud Av. 2013;27(77):29-44. doi: 10.1590/S0103-40142013000100004
Rocha SFB. Avaliação da memória espacial em pacientes portadores de Epilepsia com esclerose hipocampal [Dissertation]. Curitiba: Universidade Federal do Paraná; 2008 [cited 2020 May 23]. 87 pp. Avaiable from: hdl.handle.net/1884/23257
Troncoso J, Lamprea M, Cuestas DM, Múnera A. El estrés agudo interfiere con la evocación y promueve la extinción de la memória espacial em el laberinto de Barnes. Acta Biol Colomb [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2020 May 23];15(1):207-22. Avaiable from: revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/actabiol/article/view/9692/14654
Barreto AB. Estresse e memória: Efeito do estresse agudo e crônico na retenção da memória em diferentes perfis de personalidade em tilápias-do-Nilo [Doctoral Thesis]. Botucatu: Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, 2018. Avaiable from: repositorio.unesp.br/handle/11449/153772
Izquerdo I, Mello PB, Benetti F, Cammarota M. Effects of acute and chronic physical exercise and stress on different types of memory in rats. An Acad Bras Ciênc. 2008;80(2):301-9. doi: 10.1590/s0001-37652008000200008
Conrad CD. What Is the Functional Significance of Chronic Stress-Induced CA3 Dendritic Retraction Within the Hippocampus? Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev. 2006;5(1):41-60. doi: 10.1177/1534582306289043
Mueller BR, Bale TL. Early prenatal stress impact on coping strategies and learning performance is sex dependent. Physiol Behav. 2007;91(1):55-65. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.01.017
Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Potu BK, Nayak S, Mailankot M. Spatial memory performance of wistar rats exposed to mobile phone. Clinics. 2009;64(3):231-4. doi: 10.1590%2FS1807-59322009000300014
Joëls M, Pu Z, Wiegert O, Oitzl MS, Krugers HJ. Learning under
stress: how does it work? Trends Cogn Sci. 2006;10(4):152-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2006.02.002
De Kloet E, Oitzl MS, Joëls M. Stress and cognition: are
corticosteroids good or bad guys? Trends Neurosci. 1999;22(10):422-6. doi: x 10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01438-1
Margis R, Picon P, Cosner AF, Silveira RO. Relação entre estressores, estresse e ansiedade. Rev Psiquiatr Rio Gd Sul. 2003;25(1):65-74. doi: 10.1590/S0101-81082003000400008
Machado SS. Qualidade de vida e stress de adultos jovens na sociedade contemporânea [Doctoral Thesis]. Rio Grande do Sul: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; 2003. 185 pp. Avaiable form: www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/handle/10183/8816/000589499.pdf
Rocha R, Porto M, Morelli MYG, Maestá N, Waib PH, Burini RC. Efeito do estresse ambiental sobre a pressão arterial em trabalhadores. Rev Saúde Pública. 2002;36(5):568-75. doi: 10.1590/S0034-89102002000600005
Cortez CM, Silva D. Implicações do estresse sobre a saúde e a doença mental. Arq Catarin Med. 2007;36(4):96-108.
Pereira A, Freitas C, Mendonça C, Marçal F, Souza J, Noronha JP, Lessa L, et al. Envelhecimento, estresse e sociedade: uma visão psiconeuroendocrinologica. Comun Ciênc Saúde [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2020 May 23];1:34-53. Avaiable from: pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1806-58212004000100006&lng=pt&nrm=iso
Schultchen D, Reichenberger J, Mittl T, Weh TRM, Smyth JM, Blechert J, et al. Bidirectional relationship of stress and affect with physical activity and healthy eating. Br J Health Psychol. 2019;24(2):315-33. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12355
Smith AM, Hughes GI, Davis FC, Thomas AK. Acute stress enhances general-knowledge semantic memory. Horm Behav. 2019;109:38-43. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.02.003
Barry TJ, Sze WY, Raes F. A meta-analysis and systematic review of Memory Specificity Training (MeST) in the treatment of emotional disorders. Behav Res Ther. 2019;116:36-51. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.02.001
Faria RS, Gutierres LFS, Faria FCS, Vale I, Reis J, Dias EV, Sartori CR, et al. Effects of the swimming exercise on the consolidation and persistence of auditory and contextual fear memory. Neurosci Lett. 2016;628:147-52. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.020