Reasons associated with the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding up to six months of age in infants followed in Family Health Strategies in the city of Registro, Sao Paulo
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective: To identify the reasons for the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers during the first six months of the infant's life. Methods: Exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, conducted with 911 mothers/guardians of children from zero to 23 months. Sociodemographic information and reports of the reasons that led to the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding before the infant's six months of age were collected. Results: The study participants were predominantly white, with a partner, with high school, without employment, with two to four children, with a family income ≤ 1 minimum wage, with their own home, aged ≥ 20 years. Most mothers/guardians reported having received guidance on feeding their child more frequently from nurses, and 28.5% said they had stopped exclusive breastfeeding before the infant's six months of life. Owning their own home, using tobacco and alcohol were associated with the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding. The reasons that predominated in the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding were mainly related to the report of insufficient breast milk, return to work/school, and unexplained refusal. Conclusion: The reasons for abandoning exclusive breastfeeding identified in this study were from the child's crying report to the claim of insufficient breast milk. Identifying the reasons that lead to early weaning can help in planning strategies to avoid interruption of breastfeeding.
Article Details
Authors maintain copyright and grant the HSJ the right to first publication. From 2024, the publications wiil be licensed under Attribution 4.0 International 
, allowing their sharing, recognizing the authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are authorized to assume additional contracts separately for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (e.g., publishing in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point after the editorial process.
Also, the AUTHOR is informed and consents that the HSJ can incorporate his article into existing or future scientific databases and indexers, under the conditions defined by the latter at all times, which will involve, at least, the possibility that the holders of these databases can perform the following actions on the article.
References
Andreas NJ, Kampmann B, Mehring Le-Doare K. Human breast milk: A review on its composition and bioactivity. Early Hum Dev. 2015;91(11):629-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.08.013 PMid:26375355
Demmelmair H, Koletzko B. Variation of Metabolite and Hormone Contents in Human Milk. Clin Perinatol. 2017;44(1):151-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2016.11.007 PMid:28159202
Victora CG, Horta BL, Loret de Mola C, Quevedo L, Pinheiro RT, Gigante DP, et al. Association between breastfeeding and intelligence, educational attainment, and income at 30 years of age: a prospective birth cohort study from Brazil. Lancet Glob Health 2015. 2015;3(4):e199-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(15)70002-1
Lopes TSP, Moura LFAD, Lima MCMP. Association between breastfeeding and breathing pattern in children: a sectional study. J Pediatr. 2014;90(4):396-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2013.12.011 PMid:24703820
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Departamento de Atenção Básica. Saúde da criança: aleitamento materno e alimentação complementar (2. ed.). [Internet]. Brasília, DF; 2015. [cited 2020 May 5]. Avaiable from: https://bit.ly/2X9aYa0
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Departamento de Ações Programáticas Estratégicas. Bases para a discussão da Política Nacional de Promoção, Proteção e Apoio ao Aleitamento Materno. [Internet]. Brasília, DF; 2017. [cited 2020 May 5]. Avaiable from: https://bit.ly/2zPG2nd
Moraes JT, Oliveira VAC, Alvin EAB, Cabral AA, Dias JB. A percepção da nutriz frente aos fatores que levam ao desmame precoce em uma unidade básica de saúde de Divinópolis/MG. R Enferm Cent O Min [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2020 Nov 7];4(1):971-82. Avaiable from: https://bit.ly/2JQnKaF
Anstey EH, Shoemaker ML, Barrera CM, O'Neil ME, Verma AB, Holman DM. Breastfeeding and breast câncer risk reduction: implications for black mothers. A J Prev Med. 2017;53(3S1):S40-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.04.024 PMid:28818244 PMCid:PMC6069526
Cramer DW. The Epidemiology of Endometrial and Ovarian Cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2012;26(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hoc.2011.10.009 PMid:22244658 PMCid:PMC3259524
Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJD, França GVA, Horton S, Krasevec J, et al. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: Epidemiology, mechanisms and lifelong effect. Lancet. 2016;387(10017):475-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01024-7
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Departamento de Atenção Básica. II Pesquisa de Prevalência de Aleitamento Materno nas Capitais Brasileiras e Distrito Federal. [Internet]. Brasília, DF; 2009. [cited 2020 May 5]. Avaiable from: https://bit.ly/2Zk2kbi
Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde. Aleitamento materno nos primeiros anos de vida salvaria mais de 820 mil crianças menores de cinco anos em todo o mundo. [Internet]; 2018. [cited 2020 May 5]. Avaliable from: https://bit.ly/2WMdNyX
Cunha AJLA, Leite AJM, Almeida IS. The pediatrician's role in the first thousand days of the child: the pursuit of healthy nutrition and development. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2015;91(6 Suppl):S44-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2015.07.002 PMid:26351769
Machado MCM, Assis KF, Oliveira FCC, Ribeiro AQ, Araújo RMA, Cury AF, et al. Determinants of the exclusive breastfeeding abandonment: psychosocial factors. Rev Saúde Pública. 2014;48(6):985-94. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-8910.2014048005340 PMid:26039402 PMCid:PMC4285824
United Nations Children's Fund, World Health Organization, 100 Days, Alive & Thrive. Tracking progress for breastfeeding policies and programms: Global breastfeeding scorecard 2017. [Internet]. [cited 2020 May 5]. Avaliable from: https://bit.ly/3g55l5r
Monteschio CAC, Gaíva MAM, Moreira MDS. The nurse faced with early weaning in child nursing consultations. Rev Bras Enferm. 2015;68(5):587-93. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167.2015680515i
Rodrigues NA, Gomes ACG. Aleitamento materno: fatores determinantes do desmame precoce. Enferm Rev [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2020 May 5];17(1):30-48. Avaiable from: https://bit.ly/2LDZPZs
World Health Organization. Infant and young child feeding: A tool for assessing national practices, policies and programmes. [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2003 [cited 2020 Jun 20]. Avaiable from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42794
Silva ALB, Conceição SIO. Fatores associados ao aleitamento materno exclusivo em crianças assistidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Rev Bras Pesq Saúde. 2018;20(1):92-101. https://doi.org/10.21722/rbps.v20i1.20613
World Health Organization. Complementary feeding of young children in developing countries: a review of current scientific knowledge. [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 1998 [cited 2020 Jun 18]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/65932
Araújo OD, Cunha AL, Lustosa LR, Nery IS, Mendonça RCM, Campelo SMA. Aleitamento materno: fatores que levam ao desmame precoce. Rev Bras Enferm. 2008;61(4):488-492. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672008000400015 PMid:18797786
Faleiros FTV, Trezza EMC, Carandina L. Aleitamento materno: fatores de influência na sua decisão e duração. Rev Nutr 2006;19(5):623-30. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-52732006000500010
Kummer SC, Giugliani RE, Susin LO, Folletto JL, Lermen NR, Wu VY, et al. Evolução do padrão de aleitamento materno. Rev Saúde Pública. 2000;34(2):143-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102000000200007 PMid:10881149
Amaral LJX, Sales SS, Carvalho DPSRP, Cruz GKP, Azevedo IC, Ferreira Junior MA. Factors that influence the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding in nursing mothers. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2015;36(spe):127-34. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2015.esp.56676 PMid:27057711
Boccolini CS, Carvalho ML, Oliveira MIC. Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life in Brazil: a systematic review. Rev Saúde Pública. 2015;49:91. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-8910.2015049005971 PMid:26759970 PMCid:PMC4687824
Volpini CCA, Moura EC. Determinantes do desmame precoce no distrito noroeste de Campinas. Rev Nutr. 2005;18(3);311-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-52732005000300003
Costa EFG, Alves VH, Souza RMP, Rodrigues DP, Santos MV, Oliveira FL. Nursing practice in clinical management of breastfeeding: strategies for breastfeeding. Rev Fund Care Online. 2018;10(1):217-23. https://doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2018.v10i1.217-223
Oliveira AC, Dias IKR, Figueredo FE, Oliveira JD, Cruz RSBLC, Sampaio KJAJ. Aleitamento materno exclusivo: causas da interrupção na percepção de mães adolescentes. Rev Enferm UFPE [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Nov 7];10(4):1256-63. Avaiable from: https://bit.ly/3laGD5Q
Diogo EF, Souza T, Zocche DA. Causas do desmame precoce e suas interfaces com a condição socioeconômica e escolaridade. Enfm Foco. 2011;2(1):10-3. https://doi.org/10.21675/2357-707X.2011.v2.n1.66
Rocha PC, Alves MTSSB, Chagas DC, Silva AAM, Batista RFL, Silva RA. Prevalência e fatores associados ao uso de drogas ilícitas em gestantes da coorte BRISA. Cad Saúde Pública. 2016;32(1):e00192714. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00192714
Nascimento ALV, Souza AFO, Amorim ACR, Leitão MBS, Maio R, Burgos MGPA. Ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas em lactantes atendidas em Hospital Universitário. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2013;31(2):198-204. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-05822013000200010 PMid:23828056
Greiner T. Alcohol and breastfeeding, a review of the issues. World Nutrition. 2019;10(1):63-88. https://doi.org/10.26596/wn.201910163-88
Hayashi K, Matsuda Y, Kawamichi Y, Shiozaki A, Saito S. Smoking during pregnancy increases risks of various obstetric complications: a case-cohort study of the Japan perinatal registry network database. J Epidemiol. 2011;21(1):61-6. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20100092 PMid:21088370 PMCid:PMC3899518
Primo CC, Ruela PBF, Brotto LDA, Garcia TR, Lima EF. Efeitos da nicotina materna na criança em amamentação. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2013;31(3):392-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-05822013000300018 PMid:24142324 PMCid:PMC4182966
Amaral SF, Bielemann RM, Del-Ponte B, Valle NCJ, Costa CS, Oliveira MS, et al. Intenção de amamentar, duração do aleitamento materno e motivos para o desmame: um estudo de coorte, Pelotas, RS, 2014. Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2019;29(1):e2019219. https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742020000100024 PMid:32490940
Stephan MAS, Cavada MN, Vilela CZ. Prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo até a idade de seis meses e características maternas associadas, em área de abrangência de unidade de Saúde da Família no município de Pelotas, estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2010. Epidemiol Serv Saúde. 2012;21(3):431-8. https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742012000300008
Wang W, Lau Y, Chow A, Chan KS. Breast-feeding intention, intention, initiation and duration among Hong Kong Chinese women: a prospective longitudinal study. Midwifery. 2014;30(6):678-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.07.015 PMid:23962638
Peres PLP, Pegoraro AO. Unequal conditions as causes for discontinuation of breastfeeding. Rev Enf UERJ [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2020 Nov 7];22(2):278-85. Avaliable from: https://bit.ly/2LJYqki
Cervato-Mancuso AM, Tonacio LV, Silva ER, Vieira VL. A atuação do nutricionista na Atenção Básica à Saúde em um grande centro urbano. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2012;17(12):3289-300. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232012001200014 PMid:23175405
Vasconcelos IAL, Sousa MF, Santos LMP. Evolução do quantitativo de nutricionistas na Atenção Básica do Brasil: a contribuição dos Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família e da Estratégia Saúde da Família de 2007 a 2013. Rev Nutr. 2015;28(4):431-50. https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732015000400009