Risk factors for burnout syndrome in nurses at a public hospital in Mossoró/RN, Brazil

Main Article Content

Bruna Nogueira Alves
Camilla Cavalcante Freitas
Gabriel Sousa Rocha
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7101-8492
Marco Aurelio Freire
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6483-0498

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for Burnout syndrome rise in nurses at the Tarcisio de Vasconcelos Maia Regional Hospital in Mossoró/RN. Methods: Exploratory, descriptive, prospective, quantitative and cross-sectional study in 119 nurses from March to September 2022, carried out under license from the Research Ethics Committee of UERN (#4,915,042). A questionnaire with socio-organizational information and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory containing 19 items that reflect professional burnout, in a scale categorized as low, intermediate and high burnout, were applied. Results:  Most of the interviewees were female (81%), with an average of 36.4 years old, married (70%), with specialization in the area (74%), and two jobs (59%). It was possible to identify a higher prevalence of high levels of personal burnout (44%), and intermediate levels of work-related burnout (52%), and client-related burnout (50%). A strong positive correlation between the number of employment contracts for the dimensions personal (r=0.74, p=0.03) and work-related burnout (r=0.81, p=0.02), a strong positive correlation between workload and personal burnout (r=0.68, p=0.04), and a moderate positive correlation between workload and work-related burnout (r=0.53, p=0.04) were identified. Conclusions: Exposure to long workload resulted in increased levels of both physical and psychic exhaustion in nurses, negatively interfering with their professional performance and personal relationships. Future studies focusing on strategies to ensure a better working condition for nurses are needed, seeking approaches aimed at providing better occupational health for workers.



Article Details

How to Cite
1.
Alves BN, Freitas CC, Rocha GS, Freire MA. Risk factors for burnout syndrome in nurses at a public hospital in Mossoró/RN, Brazil. HSJ [Internet]. 2023 Jun. 20 [cited 2024 Nov. 2];13(2):25-32. Available from: https://portalrcs.hcitajuba.org.br/index.php/rcsfmit_zero/article/view/1380
Section
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Author Biographies

Bruna Nogueira Alves, State University of Rio Grande do Norte

Nurse, Master's student in Health and Society at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte.

Camilla Cavalcante Freitas, State University of Rio Grande do Norte

Nurse, Master in Health and Society from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte.

Gabriel Sousa Rocha, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte

Physical Educator, Master in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte.

Marco Aurelio Freire, State University of Rio Grande do Norte

Biologist, PhD in Neurosciences and Cell Biology from the Federal University of Pará.

References

Holmes ES, Santos SR, Farias JA, Costa MBS. Síndrome de burnout em enfermeiros na atenção básica: repercussão na qualidade de vida. J Res Fundam Care. 2014;6(4):1384-95. https://doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2014.v6i4.1384-1395 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2014.v6i4.1384-1395

Koltermann AP, Koltermann ITAP, Tomasi E, Horta BL. Estresse ocupacional em trabalhadores bancários: prevalência e fatores associados. Saúde (Santa Maria). 2011;37(2):33-48. https://doi.org/10.5902/223658342856 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5902/223658342856

Robazzi MLCC, Mauro MYC, Dalri RCMB, Silva LA, Secco IAO, Pedrão LJ. Exceso de trabajo y agravios mentales a los trabajadores de la salud. Rev Cubana Enfermer. 2010;26(1):52-64. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/enf/v26n1/enf09110.pdf

Abdo SA, El-Sallamy RM, El-Sherbiny AA, Kabbash IA. Burnout among physicians and nursing staff working in the emergency hospital of Tanta University, Egypt. East Mediterr Health J. 2016;21(12):906-15. https://doi.org/10.26719/2015.21.12.906 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26719/2015.21.12.906

Pêgo FPL, Pêgo DR. Síndrome de Burnout. Rev Bras Med Trab. 2016;14(2):171-76. https://doi.org/10.5327/Z1679-443520162215 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5327/Z1679-443520162215

Maslach C, Leiter MP. Understanding the burnout experience: recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry. 2016;15(2):103-11. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20311 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20311

Freudenberger HJ. Staff burn‐out. J Soc Issues. 1974;30(1):159-65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00706.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00706.x

Maslach C, Jackson SE. The measurement of experienced burnout. J Organ Behav. 1981;2(2):99-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205

Schaufeli WB, Leiter MP, Maslach C. Burnout: 35 years of research and practice. Career Dev Int. 2009;14(3):204-20. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430910966406 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430910966406

WHO. World Health Organization. 2022. ICD-11: International classification of diseases (11th revision). Available from: https://icd.who.int/en

Nordang K, Hall-Lord ML, Farup PG. Burnout in health-care professionals during reorganizations and downsizing: a cohort study in nurses. BMC Nurs. 2020;20(8):2010. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6955-9-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6955-9-8

Mello RDCC, Reis LB, Ramos FP. Estresse em profissionais de enfermagem: importância da variável clima organizacional. Gerais, Rev Interinst Psicol. 2018;11(2): 193-207. https://doi.org/10.36298/gerais2019110202 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36298/gerais2019110202

ISMA-BR. Burnout: mais próximo do setor da saúde do que se imagina. 2017. Disponível em: http://www.ismabrasil.com.br/img/estresse105.pdf

Ramirez-Baena L, Ortega-Campos E, Gomez-Urquiza JL, Cañadas-De la Fuente GR, De la Fuente-Solana EI, Cañadas-De la Fuente GA. A multicentre study of burnout prevalence and related psychological variables in medical area hospital nurses. J Clin Med. 2019;8(1):92. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8010092 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8010092

Tomás-Sábado J, Maynegre-Santaulària M, Pérez-Bartolomé M, Alsina-Rodríguez M, Quinta-Barbero R, Granell-Navas S. Síndrome de burnout y riesgo suicida en enfermeras de atención primaria. Enferm Clin. 2010;20(3):173-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2010.03.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2010.03.004

Roseno DA, Cavalcanti JRLP, Freire MAM. Caracterização da síndrome de burnout em enfermeiros em municípios do interior do Estado da Paraíba - Brasil. Rev Cien Saúde. 2020;10(1);23-30. https://doi.org/10.21876/rcshci.v10i1.877 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21876/rcshci.v10i1.877

Freitas CC, Freire MAM. Síndrome de Burnout em enfermeiros trabalhadores de um hospital público de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Rev Cien Saúde. 2020;10(2):5-12. https://doi.org/10.21876/rcshci.v10i2.937 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21876/rcshci.v10i2.937

Kristensen TS, Borritz M, Villadsen E, Christensen KB. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory: A new tool for the assessment of burnout. Work Stress. 2005;19(3);192-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370500297720 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370500297720

Fonte CMS. Adaptação e validação para português do questionário de Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). 2011. 138 p. Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão e Economia da Saúde. Faculdade de Economia, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal.

Albaum G. The Likert scale revisited. Int J Market Res Soc. 1997;39(2); 331-48. https://doi.org/10.1177/147078539703900202 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/147078539703900202

Madsen IE, Lange T, Borritz M, Rugulies R. Burnout as a risk factor for antidepressant treatment - a repeated measures time-to-event analysis of 2936 Danish human service workers. J Psychiatr Res. 2015;65:47-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.04.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.04.004

Callegari-Jacques SM. Bioestatística: princípios e aplicações. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2007.

Benevides Pereira AMT. Burnout: quando o trabalho ameaça o bem estar do trabalhador. 3 ed. São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo; 2008.

Homem ID, Dellagnelo EHL. Novas formas organizacionais e os desafios para os expatriados. RAE Electron. 2006;5(1):8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-56482006000100009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-56482006000100009

Prado CEP. Estresse ocupacional: causas e consequências. Rev Bras Med Trab. 2016;14(3):285-89. https://doi.org/10.5327/Z1679-443520163515 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5327/Z1679-443520163515

Alves BN, Oliveira CCF, Freire MAM. Impact of burnout syndrome amongst nurse professionals. J Pharmacol Chem Biol Sci. 2020;2(4):253-55. https://doi.org/10.36619/jpcbs.2020.2.53.56 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36619/jpcbs.2020.2.53.56

Marziale MHP. Enfermeiros apontam as inadequadas condições de trabalho como responsáveis pela deterioração da qualidade da assistência de enfermagem. Rev Latino-Am Enf. 2001;9(3):1. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692001000300001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692001000300001

Sá AMS, Martins-Silva PO, Funchal B. Burnout: o impacto da satisfação no trabalho em profissionais de enfermagem. Psicol Soc. 2014;26(3):664-74. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-71822014000300015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-71822014000300015

Lopes MJM, Leal SMC. A feminização persistente na qualificação profissional da enfermagem brasileira. Cadernos Pagu. 2005;24:105-25. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-83332005000100006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-83332005000100006

Dalri RCMB, Silva LA, Mendes AMOC, Robazzi MLCC. Carga de trabalho do enfermeiro e sua relação com reações fisiológicas de estresse. Revista Latino-Am Enf. 2014;22(6):959-65. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3292.2503 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3292.2503

Vasconcelos EM, De Martino MMF. Preditores da síndrome de burnout em enfermeiros de unidade de terapia intensiva. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2017;38(4):e65354. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.04.65354 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.04.65354

Bardaquim VA, Dias EG, Dalri RCMB, Robazzi M. Reflexão sobre as condições de trabalho da enfermagem: subsídio às 30 horas de trabalho. Rev Enferm Contemp. 2019;8(2):172-81. https://doi.org/10.17267/2317-3378rec.v8i2.2466 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17267/2317-3378rec.v8i2.2466

Pires FC, Vecchia BP, Carneiro EM, Castro JPR, Ferreira LA, Dutra CM et al. Síndrome de Burnout em profissionais de enfermagem de pronto-socorro. Rev Enferm UFPE online. 2020;14:e244419. https://doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963.2020.244419 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963.2020.244419

Worm FA, Pinto MA, Schiavenato D, Ascari RA, Trindade L, Silva OM. Risco de adoecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem no trabalho em atendimento móvel de urgência. Rev Cuid. 2016;7(2):1288-96. https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v7i2.329 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v7i2.329

Meira LC, Carvalho EKM de A, Carvalho JRM. Síndrome de Burnout: suscetibilidade em enfermeiros atuantes na urgência e emergência de um hospital público de Campina Grande, PB. Rev Gest Saude. 2015;6(2):1289-1320. https://doi.org/10.18673/gs.v6i2.22469 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18673/gs.v6i2.22469

Puschel VAA, Costa D, Reis PP, Oliveira LB, Carbogim FC. O enfermeiro no mercado de trabalho: inserção, competências e habilidades. Rev Bras Enferm. 2017;70(6):1288-95. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0061 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0061

Monteiro JK, Carlotto MS. Preditores da Síndrome de Burnout em Trabalhadores da Saúde no Contexto Hospitalar. Interação Psicol. 2014;18(3):287-95. https://doi.org/10.5380/psi.v18i3.28024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5380/psi.v18i3.28024

Oliveira V, Pereira T. Ansiedade, depressão e burnout em enfermeiros: Impacto do trabalho por turnos. Rev Enferm Ref. 2012;III(7):43-54. https://doi.org/10.12707/RIII1175 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12707/RIII1175

França SPS, De Martino MMF, Aniceto EVS, Silva LL. Preditores da Síndrome de Burnout em enfermeiros de serviços de urgência pré-hospitalar. Acta Paul Enferm. 2012; 25(1):68-73. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-21002012000100012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-21002012000100012

Nobre DFR, Rabias ICM, Ribeiro PCPSV, Seabra PRC. Burnout assessment in nurses from a general emergency service. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(6):1457-63. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0870 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0870

Most read articles by the same author(s)